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Table 1 Unadjusted mean DOB of 13C-UBT values of H. pylori-infected patients according to baseline characteristics

From: Sex differences in urea breath test results for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: a large cross-sectional study

 

Overall

Men

Women

 
 

N

Mean UBT value (SD), ‰

P

N

Mean UBT value (SD), ‰

P

N

Mean UBT value (SD), ‰

P

P for interaction by sex

Sex

 Men

30,543

23.6 (15.4)

< 0.001a

–

–

 

–

–

  

 Women

45,860

34.6 (22.8)

 

–

–

 

–

–

  

Age, yearsb

 

df = 4, F = 52.8

< 0.001b

 

df = 4, F = 60.7

< 0.001c

 

df = 4, F = 29.6

< 0.001b

< 0.001c1

 25–34

22,919

28.6 (20.3)

 

9280

22.0 (14.6)

 

13,639

33.1 (22.3)

  

 35–44

25,643

30.8 (21.3)

 

10,478

23.4 (15.0)

 

15,165

35.9 (23.4)

  

 45–54

15,768

30.4 (20.6)

 

6166

24.4 (15.4)

 

9602

34.3 (22.5)

  

 55–64

7942

31.0 (20.6)

 

2982

25.3 (16.4)

 

4960

34.5 (22.0)

  

 65–95

4131

32.3 (22.4)

 

1637

27.2 (18.9)

 

2494

35.7 (23.8)

  

SES of place of residence

 

df = 2, F = 45.1

< 0.001b

 

df = 2, F = 4.8

0.008c

 

df = 2, F = 54.4

< 0.001b

< 0.001c2

 1–5 (low SES)

35,358

30.9 (21.3)

 

14,272

23.8 (15.5)

 

21,806

35.8 (23.2)

  

 6–10 (intermediate–high SES)

36,549

29.6 (20.6)

 

14,474

23.5 (15.4)

 

22,075

33.7 (22.4)

  

 Missing

4496

28.8 (20.0)

 

1797

22.6 (14.8)

 

2699

32.9 (21.8)

  

BMI, kg/m2

 

df = 4, F = 268.3

< 0.001b

 

df = 4, F = 65.1

< 0.001c

 

df = 4, F = 89.4

< 0.001b

0.031c3

 < 18.5

1871

36.5 (25.4)

 

283

27.7(18.9)

 

1588

38.0 (26.1)

  

 18.5–24.9

30,933

32.6 (22.4)

 

9906

25.2 (16.4)

 

21,027

36.2 (24.0)

  

 25.0–29.9

26,100

28.8 (19.7)

 

13,011

23.4 (15.2)

 

13,089

34.2 (22.0)

  

 ≥ 30

14,140

27.2 (18.1)

 

5648

21.3 (13.6)

 

8492

31.0 (19.6)

  

 Missing

3359

27.7 (20.0)

 

1695

22.2 (14.9)

 

1664

33.2 (22.8)

  

Smoking

 

df = 2, F = 716.6

< 0.001b

 

df = 2, F = 217.8

< 0.001c

 

df = 2, F = 269.7

< 0.001b

< 0.001c4

 Ever

11,862

23.7 (16.9)

 

6658

20.3 (14.4)

 

5204

28.0 (19.6)

  

 Never

43,754

31.7 (21.4)

 

16,717

24.9 (16.0)

 

27,037

36.0 (23.1)

  

 Unknown

20,787

30.6 (21.2)

 

7168

23.5 (15.3)

 

13,619

34.4 (22.9)

  
  1. H. pylori infection was defined as delta 13C-UBT of > 3.5 per thousand, see text for details
  2. BMI body mass index, df degrees of freedom, DOB delta over baseline, SD standard deviation, UBT urea breath test, SES socioeconomic status
  3. aP value by Student’s t test; t = − 74.0, df = 76,385.8
  4. bP value by ANOVA
  5. cP values from linear mixed model assessing interaction between sex and each independent variable in separate models: 1df = 4, F = 19.5; 2df = 2, F = 18.8; 3df = 4, F = 2.6; and 4df = 2, F = 32.3
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Biology of Sex Differences

ISSN: 2042-6410

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