Inclusion of sex and gender in biomedical research: survey of clinical research proposed at the University of Pennsylvania

Table 2 Subcategories for sex and gender differences

Subcategories
Sex differences
Pathophysiology
Risk for the disorder in question (i.e., prevalence in one sex greater than the other)
Age at onset
Type and severity of symptoms
Treatment (efficacy and/or risk for adverse events)
Gender differences
Risk for the disorder in question (i.e., prevalence in one sex greater than the other)
Behavioral risk factors associated with the disorder/condition
Treatment seeking and utilization of services/procedures for the condition

“Risk for the disorder in question” was included as a subcategory under sex and gender differences as both sex and gender may contribute to the prevalence of disorder/condition