Table 3 Plasma FFA levels with respect to clinical characteristics of the male and female patients with HCM
Variable | FFA levels (mmol/L) in male patients | FFA levels (mmol/L) in female patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present | Absent | p value | Present | Absent | p value | |
NYHA functional class III or IV | 0.36 (0.27–0.53) | 0.38 (0.27–0.52) | 0.754 | 0.42 (0.29–0.57) | 0.39 (0.30–0.61) | 0.649 |
Chest pain | 0.38 (0.29–0.53) | 0.37 (0.26–0.57) | 0.346 | 0.42 (0.31–0.57) | 0.38 (0.30–0.59) | 0.521 |
Palpitation | 0.40 (0.27–0.49) | 0.36 (0.27–0.53) | 0.560 | 0.49 (0.34–0.69) | 0.38 (0.29–0.51) | 0.025 |
Family history of HCM | 0.35 (0.25–0.44) | 0.38 (0.27–0.53) | 0.148 | 0.42 (0.29–0.46) | 0.39 (0.30–0.62) | 0.626 |
Atrial fibrillation | 0.46 (0.37–0.54) | 0.36 (0.27–0.52) | 0.053 | 0.42 (0.36–0.59) | 0.39 (0.29–0.59) | 0.285 |
Risk factors for SCD | ||||||
 Family history of SCD | 0.28 (0.14–0.34) | 0.38 (0.27–0.52) | 0.091 | 0.42 (0.21–0.60) | 0.40 (0.30–0.59) | 0.904 |
 Syncope | 0.36 (0.22–0.51) | 0.39 (0.28–0.52) | 0.120 | 0.36 (0.25–0.52) | 0.42 (0.32–0.61) | 0.170 |
 Maximum wall thickness ≥30 mm | 0.39 (0.28–0.54) | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) | 0.111 | 0.42 (0.25–0.68) | 0.40 (0.30–0.56) | 0.700 |
 Resting LVOTG ≥30 mmHg | 0.39 (0.28–0.53) | 0.30 (0.22–0.47) | 0.028 | 0.40 (0.30–0.58) | 0.45 (0.35–0.62) | 0.393 |
Non-sustained VTa | 0.37 (0.30–0.56) | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) | 0.533 | 0.51 (0.37–0.65) | 0.37 (0.25–0.50) | 0.015 |
Cardiovascular risk | ||||||
 Hypertension | 0.40 (0.29–0.50) | 0.36 (0.27–0.53) | 0.424 | 0.39 (0.30–0.63) | 0.40 (0.30–0.56) | 0.692 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 0.40 (0.28–0.53) | 0.36 (0.27–0.51) | 0.257 | 0.44 (0.35–0.64) | 0.38 (0.27–0.54) | 0.040 |
 Smoking | 0.36 (0.24–0.50) | 0.39 (0.28–0.54) | 0.094 | 0.30 (0.24–0.60) | 0.40 (0.30–0.59) | 0.492 |
Medications | ||||||
 β-Blockers | 0.37 (0.26–0.50) | 0.40 (0.30–0.56) | 0.054 | 0.39 (0.30–0.57) | 0.43 (0.32–0.66) | 0.321 |
 Non-dihydropyridine CCB | 0.38 (0.28–0.48) | 0.38 (0.27–0.52) | 0.652 | 0.42 (0.36–0.55) | 0.39 (0.30–0.61) | 0.626 |
 Dihydropyridine CCB | 0.38 (0.30–0.44) | 0.38 (0.27–0.53) | 0.790 | 0.30 (0.26–0.53) | 0.41 (0.30–0.61) | 0.238 |
 ACEI/ARB | 0.39 (0.31–0.47) | 0.38 (0.26–0.52) | 0.533 | 0.38 (0.34–0.55) | 0.40 (0.30–0.59) | 0.739 |
 Aspirin | 0.40 (0.30–0.55) | 0.37 (0.26–0.51) | 0.112 | 0.43 (0.31–0.56) | 0.39 (0.30–0.60) | 0.617 |
 Statins | 0.42 (0.33–0.55) | 0.36 (0.27–0.51) | 0.119 | 0.51 (0.33–0.62) | 0.39 (0.30–0.56) | 0.175 |
 Diuretics | 0.40 (0.33–0.67) | 0.37 (0.27–0.52) | 0.273 | 0.37 (0.24–0.56) | 0.40 (0.30–0.60) | 0.393 |
 Trimetazidine | 0.38 (0.26–0.50) | 0.37 (0.27–0.50) | 0.940 | 0.29 (0.14–0.41) | 0.40 (0.30–0.59) | 0.097 |
Echocardiography | ||||||
 Systolic anterior motion | 0.38 (0.27–0.51) | 0.39 (0.29–0.56) | 0.580 | 0.41 (0.30–0.59) | 0.34 (0.23–0.55) | 0.292 |
 Severe mitral regurgitation | 0.34 (0.25–0.52) | 0.38 (0.27–0.52) | 0.816 | 0.57 (0.40–0.73) | 0.39 (0.30–0.56) | 0.054 |