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Table 3 Summary of nonsynonymous substitutions (NSs) across callitrichine primates in genes relevant for sexual differentiation

From: Gene changes may minimize masculinizing and defeminizing influences of exposure to male cotwins in female callitrichine primates

Gene

# NSsa

All callitrichines

Callithrix specific

Variable callitrichine

Callimico reversion

% Altered proteinb

% Radical AAc

AMH

14

8

1

5

0

21.4

64.3

AMHR2

11

1

7

3

1

18.2

80.0

AR

10

6

3

1

0

0

80.0

CYP19A1

6

3

0

2

1

0

83.3

SHBG

4

2

1

0

0

0

100

SRD5A2

8

6

0

2

0

12.5

75.0

  1. All callitrichines NSs common to all callitrichines sampled, Callithrix specific NSs documented only in Callithrix, Variable callitrichine NSs identified in some, but not all callitrichines, Callimico reversion NSs in single-offspring Callimico that represent a reversion to Saimiri residue
  2. aTotal #NSs identified in callitrichines
  3. bNSs that represent significantly altered protein structure/function by PROVEAN
  4. cNSs that lead to at least one physicochemical change in amino acid residue