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Fig. 5 | Biology of Sex Differences

Fig. 5

From: Sexual dimorphism in myocardial acylcarnitine and triglyceride metabolism

Fig. 5

Integrated lipidomics analysis of NEFA, AC, and TG and induction of ROS by ACs. a 3D score plot of first three principal components (PCs) for metabolites obtained from PCA. b Radar plot of loading factors of principal components for lipidomic analysis. The purple line and circles represent PC1, the brown line and circles represent PC2, the green line and circles represent PC3, and the yellow line and circle represents PC4. All loadings were positive and hence are depicted using closed circles. c Depicted are representative confocal microscopy images of cardiomyocytes incubated with ethanol (control) and 25 μM of AC14:0, AC16:0, and AC18:0 (bar = 50 μM). d The sum intensities of each image from the test groups were compared with untreated cells. Averages of the image intensities, mean + SEM are shown. e Relative expression levels of genes Sod1, Sod2, and Cat in cardiomyocytes compared to the untreated control cells. Average CT of b-actin and LdhA was used to normalize the data. An asterisk (*) indicates that the comparison identified by the bar is significant at P < 0.05

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