Fig. 4

Effects of practice and music on stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). a Response time decreased in the go trials that were preceded by the stop trials. Normalized response time is shown in consecutive sessions in after-stop (a correct go trial that was preceded by a correct stop trial) and after-go trials (a correct go trial that was preceded by a correct go trial). In both sessions, response time decreased after a correct stop trial. b–c SSRT was calculated as the difference between the mean response time in the correct go trials and the mean of stop-signal delays (the delay between the onsets of stop signal and go-direction cue). b In both females and males, there was no significant change in SSRT while the participants listened to music. c SSRT is shown in the first and second sessions. SSRT in the second session decreased in females, but not in males, indicating that practice decreased SSRT in females but not in males