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Table 6 Between-group whole-brain activation (n = 24; males = 12)

From: Sex differences in psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study

SPM contrast

Cluster region

Volume (mm3)

Peak T

MNI coordinates

Subregions (BA)

x

y

z

Mild pain > warmth (deactivation)

     

Females > males

Left cerebrum

 

4.51

−6

34

4

 

Limbic lobe

14,608

 

−8

21

25

 

Rostral anterior cingulate cortex (24)

2312

 

−3

36

5

 

Middle frontal gyrus

2280

 

−25

12

52

 

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (32)

2192

 

−7

41

3

 

Superior frontal gyrus

1432

 

−11

11

64

 

Left supplemental motor area (6)

912

 

−13

12

64

 

Prefrontal cortex (8)

320

 

−28

17

42

Anterior prefrontal cortex (10)

288

 

−7

49

3

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (9)

256

 

40

15

38

Anterior cingulate cortex (33)

120

 

−5

19

25

Moderate pain > warmth (activation)

     

Males > females

Right cerebrum

 

3.51

32

−58

28

 

Superior temporal gyrus (22)

3304

 

55

−37

9

 

Middle temporal gyrus

2472

 

43

−63

5

 

Postcentral gyrus (1,2,3)

712

 

59

−19

23

 

Insula (13)

488

 

44

−41

19

Precuneus

464

 

29

−64

36

Angular gyrus (39)

352

 

35

−63

35

 

Secondary somatosensory cortex (40)

304

 

59

−36

22

 

Fusiform gyrus (37)

200

 

48

−41

−18

 

Supramarginal gyrus

128

 

58

−35

24

  1. Between-group analyses. Significant clusters were derived using 3dClustSim and the intrinsic smoothness of the data to define corrected whole-brain cluster thresholds as those having a voxel level p = 0.05, cluster volume 1659 voxels, volume >120 mm3, and family wise error corrected (FWE) p = 0.05. Areas are reported with the parent cluster first defined by Peak T, followed by subregions within each cluster (MNI coordinates of subregions are approximate). Mild pain > warmth, females > males = deactivation (findings result from females being less deactivated than males). Moderate pain > warmth, males > females = activations
  2. SPM Statistical Parametric Mapping, BA Brodmann area, MNI Montreal Neuroimaging Institute