Sex differences in psychophysical and neurophysiological responses to pain in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 Females and males whole-brain activation (n = 24; males = 12)

SPM contrast	Cluster region	Volume	Peak T	MNI coordinates
SPM contrast	Subregions (BA)	(mm³)		x	y	z
Mild pain < warmth	Right cerebrum		−3.96	48	−54	−14
	Superior temporal gyrus	2744		43	−47	17
	Cuneus	2152		18	−79	25
	Precuneus	1623		12	−64	26
	Supramarginal gyrus	1488		42	−44	31
	Middle occipital gyrus	992		31	−65	1
	Dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus	840		23	−64	3
	Right hippocampus	824		20	−30	−3
	Fusiform gyrus (37)	672		47	−54	−18
	Superior temporal gyrus (22)	440		64	−46	3
	Right postcentral gyrus (1,2,3)	328		46	−38	61
	Cingulate cortex (30)	296		20	−67	8
	Inferior temporal gyrus (20)	216		49	−54	−15
	Insula (13)	200		44	−15	3
	Middle temporal gyrus (21)	176		61	−18	−7
Moderate pain > warmth	Left cerebrum		4.03	−32	−84	−30
	Occipital lobe	2384		−35	−77	−18
	Cerebellum	1904		−6	−62	−34
	Left fusiform gyrus	936		−41	−74	−17
	Middle occipital gyrus	928		−42	−71	−15
	Middle frontal gyrus	896		−1	39	31
	Pons	624		13	−41	−38
	Right brainstem	576		6	−44	−45
	Associative visual cortex (19)	392		−35	−84	−14
	Left brainstem	360		−18	−30	−33
	Cerebellum	304		−11	−58	−34
	Lingual gyrus	136		−33	−84	−15

One sample combined males + females analysis. Significant clusters were derived using 3dClustSim and the intrinsic smoothness of the data to define corrected whole-brain cluster thresholds as those having a voxel level p = 0.05, cluster volume 1659 voxels, volume >120 mm³, and family wise error corrected p = 0.05. Areas are reported with the parent cluster first defined by Peak T, followed by subregions within each cluster (MNI coordinates of subregions are approximate). Mild pain < warmth = deactivations; moderate pain > warmth = activations
SPM Statistical Parametric Mapping, BA Brodmann area, MNI Montreal Neuroimaging Institute

ISSN: 2042-6410