Primary
| | | | | | |
Opioid use in prior 3 months, urine screening; n (%)
|
239 (48.5)
|
129 (48.5)
|
110 (48.5)
|
1.03
|
0.71, 1.50
|
0.911
|
Secondary
| | | | | | |
Proportion of use in prior 3 months, urine screening; n (%)
| | | | | | |
Amphetamines
|
23 (4.7)
|
15 (5.6)
|
8 (3.5)
|
0.68
|
0.28, 1.66
|
0.616
|
Benzodiazepines
|
195 (39.6)
|
95 (35.7)
|
100 (44.1)
|
1.60
|
1.10, 2.33
|
0.055
|
Cannabis
|
114 (23.1)
|
74 (27.8)
|
40 (17.6)
|
0.57
|
0.37, 0.89
|
0.056
|
Cocaine
|
171 (34.7)
|
97 (36.5)
|
74 (32.6)
|
0.80
|
0.54, 1.17
|
0.417
|
Ecstasy
|
23 (4.7)
|
13 (4.9)
|
10 (4.4)
|
1.00
|
0.69, 1.44
|
0.985
|
Positive urine screens in prior three months, percent; median (Q
1, Q
3)
| | | | | | |
Amphetamines
|
0 (0, 0)
|
0 (0, 0)
|
0 (0, 0)
|
−0.56
|
−1.11, −0.01
|
0.141
|
Benzodiazepines
|
0 (0, 27.3)
|
0 (0, 20.0)
|
0 (0, 30.8)
|
−0.00
|
−0.27, 0.27
|
1.008
|
Cannabis
|
0 (0, 100.0)
|
0 (0, 100.0)
|
0 (0, 50.0)
|
−16.55
|
−26.90, −6.19
|
0.011
|
Cocaine
|
0 (0, 12.5)
|
0 (0, 17.7)
|
0 (0, 7.7)
|
−0.20
|
−0.52, 0.12
|
0.397
|
Opioids
|
0 (0, 25.0)
|
0 (0, 27.8)
|
0 (0, 20.0)
|
−0.21
|
−0.45, 0.06
|
0.273
|
Alcohol use disorder, M.I.N.I.; n (%)
| | | | | | |
Alcohol dependence
|
26 (6.3)
|
14 (6.5)
|
11 (5.7)
|
0.81
|
0.34, 1.90
|
0.809
|
Alcohol abuse
|
13 (3.2)
|
7 (3.2)
|
6 (3.1)
|
0.84
|
0.27, 2.58
|
0.844
|
Smoking behavior, self-report
| | | | | | |
Current smokers; n (%)
|
412 (84.1)
|
212 (80.0)
|
199 (88.8)
|
1.93
|
1.14, 3.27
|
0.053
|
Cigarettes smoked daily; mean (SD)
|
16.9 (10.4)
|
18.3 (11.7)
|
15.4 (8.6)
|
−2.81
|
−4.79, −0.84
|
0.024
|
Age of first smoking, years; mean (SD)
|
15.5 (5.4)
|
15.5 (5.5)
|
15.4 (5.3)
|
0.11
|
−0.91, 1.12
|
0.909
|
Sensitivity analysis
| | | | | | |
Proportion of use in prior month, MAP; n (%)
| | | | | | |
Alcohol
|
227 (46.0)
|
129 (48.5)
|
97 (42.9)
|
0.73
|
0.50, 1.05
|
0.213
|
Heroin
|
57 (11.5)
|
35 (13.2)
|
21 (9.3)
|
0.54
|
0.29, 1.00
|
0.142
|
Illicit methadone
|
26 (5.3)
|
11 (4.1)
|
14 (6.2)
|
1.43
|
0.60, 3.41
|
0.635
|
Illicit benzodiazepines
|
53 (10.7)
|
29 (10.9)
|
23 (10.2)
|
0.90
|
0.49, 1.66
|
0.879
|
Cocaine
|
89 (18.0)
|
42 (15.8)
|
46 (20.4)
|
1.53
|
0.91, 2.59
|
0.241
|
Crack
|
57 (11.5)
|
31 (11.7)
|
25 (11.1)
|
0.86
|
0.42, 1.77
|
0.839
|
Amphetamines
|
32 (6.5)
|
16 (6.0)
|
15 (6.6)
|
0.39
|
0.10, 1.50
|
0.330
|
Cannabis
|
241 (46.9)
|
143 (53.8)
|
88 (41.2)
|
0.49
|
0.34, 0.72
|
<0.001
|