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Table 4 Gonadectomy modifies cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ release and contraction

From: Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms

Parameter

Component

Functional change

[Ca 2+ ] (mM)

Pacing rate (Hz)

Duration of GDX (weeks)

Species

Reference

Cell shortening

Peak contraction

↔

1

0.5

16

Rat

[91]

a↓

0.5–2

0.5

2

Rat

[99]

Relaxation rate

aSlowed

1

0.5

16

Rat

[91]

0.5–2

0.5

2

Rat

[99]

Intracellular Ca2+

Peak Ca2+ transient

↔

1

0.2

9

Rat

[76]

 

a↓

0.5–2

0.5

2

Rat

[99]

Ca2+ transient decay rate

aSlowed

0.5–2

0.5

2

Rat

[99]

 

1

0.2

9

Rat

[76]

  1. aIndicates that the effect of GDX was reversed by treatment with testosterone in studies by Curl et al. [99] and Golden et al. [91].