Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms

Table 3 Influence of gonadectomy on sarcolemmal proteins and currents

Component	Treatment	Duration (weeks)	Functional change	Species	Reference
Ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur)	^aGDX	13	↓ peak I_Kur	Mouse	[38,39]
	^aGDX	13	↓ Kv1.5 protein	Mouse	[38,39]
	GDX	16	↔ Kv1.5 protein	Rat	[74]
Transient outward K+ current (ITO)	GDX	13	↔ peak I_TO	Mouse	[38]
Transient outward K+ current (ITO)	GDX	13	↔ Kv4.2/4.3 protein	Mouse	[38]
Steady state K+ current (ISS)	GDX	13	↔ peak I_SS	Mouse	[38]
Steady state K+ current (ISS)	GDX	13	↔ Kv1.2 protein	Mouse	[38]
Inward rectifier K+ current (IK1)	GDX	13	↔ peak I_K1	Mouse	[38]
		13	↔ Kir2.1 protein	Mouse	[38]
		16	↓ Kir2.1 mRNA	Rat	[74]
		16	↔ Kir2.2 mRNA	Rat	[74]
		16	↔ Kir2.3 mRNA	Rat	[74]
Slow delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs)	GDX	8	↓ peak I_Ks	Rabbit	[89]
L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L)/ dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR)	GDX	9	↔ peak I_Ca-L	Rabbit	[40]
	^bGDX	2	↓ DHPR mRNA	Rat	[90]
	^bGDX	16	↓ DHPR mRNA	Rat	[91]
Na + -Ca2+ exchanger	GDX	10	↔ NCX activity	Rat	[96]
		9	↔ NCX activity	Rat	[76]
		2	↔ NCX protein	Rat	[75]
		10	↓ NCX protein	Rat	[96]
		10–11	↑ NCX protein	Mouse	[69]
	^bGDX	2	↓ NCX mRNA	Rat	[90]
	^bGDX	16	↓ NCX mRNA	Rat	[91]

^aIndicates that the effect of GDX was reversed by treatment with dihydrotestosterone. ^bIndicates that the effect of GDX was reversed by treatment with testosterone.

ISSN: 2042-6410