Testosterone modulates cardiac contraction and calcium homeostasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms

Table 1 Influence of chronic testosterone withdrawal on myocardial contractility

Component	Model	Functional change	Duration of GDX (weeks)	Species	Reference
LVDP	Langendorff	↔	2	Rat	[75]
		↔	9	Rat	[76]
		^a↓	16	Rat	[74]
	Working heart	^b↓	3	Rat	[77]
	Working heart	^b↓	10	Rat	[78]
LVEDP	Millar catheterization	↔	10–11	Mouse	[69]
	Langendorff	↔	2	Rat	[75]
	Working heart	^b↓	3	Rat	[77]
	Working heart	^b↓	10	Rat	[78]
+dP/dT	Millar catheterization	↔	10–11	Mouse	[69]
	Langendorff	↔	9	Rat	[76]
	Langendorff	^a↓	16	Rat	[74]
−dP/dT	Millar catheterization	↔	10–11	Mouse	[69]
	Langendorff	↔	9	Rat	[76]
	Langendorff	^a↓	16	Rat	[74]
	Working heart	^b↓	3	Rat	[77]
	Working heart	^b↓	10	Rat	[78]

^aEffect of GDX is reversed by testosterone replacement. ^bFunctional change in the working heart model was only observed at high left atrial pressures.

ISSN: 2042-6410