| |
Controls from the general population
|
First time kidney stone formers
|
|---|
|
Women (
n
= 24)
|
Men (
n
= 36)
|
Women (
n
= 50)
|
Men (
n
= 60)
|
|---|
|
Clinical characteristics
|
|
Age (years)
|
44 ± 12
|
42 ± 12
|
41 ± 16
|
51 ± 14*†
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
28 ± 7 (n = 22)
|
28 ± 5 (n = 32)
|
28 ± 8 (n = 33)
|
31 ± 7 (n = 36)
|
|
Serum calcium (mg/dL)
|
9.5 ± 0.5 (n = 23)
|
9.1 ± 1.7 (n = 31)
|
9.5 ± 0.5 (n = 39)
|
8.9 ± 2.3 (n = 47)
|
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
|
0.70 ± 0.1 (n = 23)
|
0.96 ± 0.2* (n = 31)
|
0.73 ± 0.1 (n = 39)
|
0.98 ± 0.2* (n = 46)
|
|
Serum uric acid (mg/dL)
|
4.4 ± 1.2 (n = 23)
|
6.0 ± 1.2* (n = 31)
|
4.7 ± 1.0 (n = 39)
|
6.4 ± 1.4* (n = 47)
|
|
Serum phosphate (mg/dL)
|
3.5 ± 0.5 (n = 23)
|
3.4 ± 0.4 (n = 31)
|
3.7 ± 0.6† (n = 39)
|
3.4 ± 0.6* (n = 47)
|
|
Urine biochemistry
|
|
pH
|
6.3 ± 0.5
|
6.2 ± 0.6
|
6.2 ± 0.5
|
6.0 ± 0.6
|
|
Osmolality (mOsm)
|
623 ± 272
|
664 ± 224
|
539 ± 238
|
689 ± 214*
|
|
Urine volume (mL/24 h)
|
1,613 ± 742
|
1,955 ± 732
|
1,864 ± 920
|
1,675 ± 655
|
|
Albumin (mg/24 h)
|
5 ± 13
|
1.3 ± 3
|
4 ± 6
|
6 ± 8†
|
|
Protein (mg/24 h)
|
12 ± 16
|
25 ± 19*
|
25 ± 16†
|
30 ± 22
|
|
Creatinine (mg/24 h)
|
844 ± 207
|
1,615 ± 618*
|
836 ± 302
|
1,309 ± 628*†
|
|
Sodium (mmol/24 h)
|
108 ± 47
|
180 ± 73*
|
106 ± 40
|
146 ± 73*†
|
|
Potassium (mmol/24 h)
|
49 ± 27
|
77 ± 31*
|
40 ± 21
|
53 ± 27*†
|
|
Magnesium (mg/24 h)
|
108 ± 54
|
155 ± 81*
|
89 ± 43
|
122 ± 63*†
|
|
Calcium (mg/24 h)
|
202 ± 81
|
214 ± 126
|
175 ± 98
|
210 ± 124
|
|
Oxalate (mg/24 h)
|
22 ± 8.6
|
29 ± 15
|
19 ± 11
|
24 ± 21
|
|
Phosphate (mg/24 h)
|
645 ± 253
|
965 ± 468*
|
581 ± 236
|
822 ± 414*
|
|
Uric acid (mg/24 h)
|
352 ± 138
|
599 ± 223*
|
373 ± 160
|
447 ± 226†
|
|
Citrate (mg/24 h)
|
646 ± 238
|
637 ± 370
|
526 ± 281
|
535 ± 314
|
- Data are presented as mean ± SD and were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Student’s t test. *P < 0.05 between men and women of the same group; †
P < 0.05 between control and stone formers of the same sex.
