Table 3 Clinical characteristics, blood, and urine biochemistry of study participants
Controls from the general population | First time kidney stone formers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Women ( n = 24) | Men ( n = 36) | Women ( n = 50) | Men ( n = 60) | |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 44 ± 12 | 42 ± 12 | 41 ± 16 | 51 ± 14*† |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28 ± 7 (n = 22) | 28 ± 5 (n = 32) | 28 ± 8 (n = 33) | 31 ± 7 (n = 36) |
Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.5 ± 0.5 (n = 23) | 9.1 ± 1.7 (n = 31) | 9.5 ± 0.5 (n = 39) | 8.9 ± 2.3 (n = 47) |
Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.70 ± 0.1 (n = 23) | 0.96 ± 0.2* (n = 31) | 0.73 ± 0.1 (n = 39) | 0.98 ± 0.2* (n = 46) |
Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.4 ± 1.2 (n = 23) | 6.0 ± 1.2* (n = 31) | 4.7 ± 1.0 (n = 39) | 6.4 ± 1.4* (n = 47) |
Serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.5 ± 0.5 (n = 23) | 3.4 ± 0.4 (n = 31) | 3.7 ± 0.6† (n = 39) | 3.4 ± 0.6* (n = 47) |
Urine biochemistry | ||||
pH | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 0.6 |
Osmolality (mOsm) | 623 ± 272 | 664 ± 224 | 539 ± 238 | 689 ± 214* |
Urine volume (mL/24 h) | 1,613 ± 742 | 1,955 ± 732 | 1,864 ± 920 | 1,675 ± 655 |
Albumin (mg/24 h) | 5 ± 13 | 1.3 ± 3 | 4 ± 6 | 6 ± 8† |
Protein (mg/24 h) | 12 ± 16 | 25 ± 19* | 25 ± 16† | 30 ± 22 |
Creatinine (mg/24 h) | 844 ± 207 | 1,615 ± 618* | 836 ± 302 | 1,309 ± 628*† |
Sodium (mmol/24 h) | 108 ± 47 | 180 ± 73* | 106 ± 40 | 146 ± 73*† |
Potassium (mmol/24 h) | 49 ± 27 | 77 ± 31* | 40 ± 21 | 53 ± 27*† |
Magnesium (mg/24 h) | 108 ± 54 | 155 ± 81* | 89 ± 43 | 122 ± 63*† |
Calcium (mg/24 h) | 202 ± 81 | 214 ± 126 | 175 ± 98 | 210 ± 124 |
Oxalate (mg/24 h) | 22 ± 8.6 | 29 ± 15 | 19 ± 11 | 24 ± 21 |
Phosphate (mg/24 h) | 645 ± 253 | 965 ± 468* | 581 ± 236 | 822 ± 414* |
Uric acid (mg/24 h) | 352 ± 138 | 599 ± 223* | 373 ± 160 | 447 ± 226† |
Citrate (mg/24 h) | 646 ± 238 | 637 ± 370 | 526 ± 281 | 535 ± 314 |