From: Sex dependent regulation of osteoblast response to implant surface properties by systemic hormones
 |  | % Increase treatment versus control | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Surface | Cell No. | Alkaline Phosphatase | Osteocalcin | Osteoprotegerin | Active TGF-β1 | Latent TGF-β1 |
Male | TCPS | -4.6 | 92.5 | 41.5 | 185.9 | 111.8 | 154.8 |
 | PT | -11.3 | 94.7 | 37.0 | 219.9 | 256.4 | 162.8 |
 | SLA | -13.6 | 85.0 | 71.0 | 224.2 | 257.8 | 236.2 |
Female | TCPS | 0.3 | 45.7 | 17.3 | 172.1 | 81.8 | 60.7 |
 | PT | 0.2 | 43.9 | 20.5 | 184.8 | 77.6 | 98.8 |
 | SLA | -3.1 | 39.4 | 21.2 | 141.5 | 123.3 | 115.5 |